Presentation script

Corn

Most produced cereal over the world

2^nd rice 3^rd wheat

Kernel—biomass ethanol, food (both human and animal), corn starch, biodegradable plastic, corn syrup

Core(corn cob)- xylitol

Leaf, Stem—fertilizer

Corn silk--

Chinese Name: Yu Mi Xu

English Name: Cornsilk

Clinical Usage and Indications

Promotes urination - hot lin, stone lin, edema.

Regulates the gallbladder - yin or yang jaundice.

Wasting and thirsting disorder.

Functional Groups (Click for Summary/Study Notes)

Herbs That Drain Dampness

Dosage and Preparation Notes

Dosage: 15-30g

Channels/Meridians Influenced

Gall Bladder

Liver

Urinary Bladder

Associated Temperature and Taste

Neutral (Ping)

Sweet (Gan)

How to make high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)

3 kinds of enzyme reaction

1)      Starch is made of a lot of glucose. Add Alfa amylase (liquefying amylase, type of digestive enzyme can be obtained from microorganism ) and water into starch and at 95 C. degree, Starch will be decomposed.

(Starch molecule is too big, so at step 1 we want to make it into smaller particle by liquefaction, the process to convert something to liquid)

2)      After liquefaction , cool until 55 degree C,  add glucoamylaze which will separate each individual glucose apart from starch, now we have much smaller particle, glucose.

3)      At 60 degree C, add gluco-isomerase (type of enzyme, made from bacteria) which will convert glucose to fructose, fructose is better in quality of sweetness, which is more commercially preferred

Note that starch itself is not sweet because starch is long chain of bunch of glucose.  Our tongue  can feel sweetness if it is individual glucose, but in the form of glucose chain, we can’t.

Then after some sort of processing, corn syrup will made

Corn syrup is as sweet as or slightly sweeter than can sugar, depending on how they process after the third step

The lower the temperature, the sweeter corn syrup is. Soda is sweeter when it’s stored in refrigerator

It’s cheaper than cane sugar, about 70% price of cane sugar, so nowadays in order to reduce production cost almost every soda product use corn syrup (Coke, Pepsi)

How to make biomassethanol

Theoretically we can make bioethanol from anything with high carbohydrate

(sugar cane, corn, rice, etc)

The way to create bioethanol is basically same as they way to make alcohol

Dry grind method – newly developed factory in US

Starch ingredientàdry grindàsaccharificationàbiotic fermentation(organic decomposition by microorganism to produce certain kind of material)  10% ethanol àdistill, 95% ethanol àdyhedrate, 99.5% ethanol àethanol

Bio ethanol is a fuel

Same type of alcohol Found in alcohol beverage

Motor fuel

Additive for gasoline

Occupy 10% of car gasoline (cars nowadays can run on blends up to 10 %)